Tibial Plateau Angle was measured following previously described landmarks (Dismukes 2008).
The landmarks used to determine the mechanical axis were the midpoint between the apices of the 2 tibial intercondylar eminences and the center of the circle created by the talus for proximal and distal tibia, respectively.
- landmarks established for the proximal tibial joint orientation line were the cranial and caudal aspects of the medial tibial condyle,
- landmarks established for the distal tibial joint orientation line were the distal aspect of the distal intermediate ridge of the tibia, cranially, and the caudodistal aspect of the cochlea tibia, caudally.