Nov 04, 2024
Protocol used to examine the acute effect of inspiratory muscle warm-up on wrestling recovery performance
- Mehmet İsmail Tosun1,
- Abdurrahim Kaplan2,
- İrem Eker Arıcı3,
- Halit Harmancı4,
- Michael Favre5,
- Damian George Cosmin6,
- Veysi Aslan7,
- Damian George Cosmin8,
- Erkan Demirkan2
- 1Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hitit University, Corum, Türkiye;
- 2Department of Movement and Training Sciences, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hitit University, Corum, Türkiye;
- 3Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Hitit University, Corum, Türkiye;
- 4Departmen of Coaching Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Kutahya Dumlupinar University, Türkiye;
- 5Intercollegiate Athletics, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor United States;
- 6Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty pf Physical Education and Sport, Ovidius University of Constanta, Romania;
- 7Department of Coaching Education, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Ege University, Türkiye;
- 8Ovidius University of Constanta
Protocol Citation: Mehmet İsmail Tosun, Abdurrahim Kaplan, İrem Eker Arıcı, Halit Harmancı, Michael Favre, Damian George Cosmin, Veysi Aslan, Damian George Cosmin, Erkan Demirkan 2024. Protocol used to examine the acute effect of inspiratory muscle warm-up on wrestling recovery performance. protocols.io https://dx.doi.org/10.17504/protocols.io.5jyl8dnkrg2w/v1
License: This is an open access protocol distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited
Protocol status: Working
We use this protocol and it's working
Created: November 04, 2024
Last Modified: November 04, 2024
Protocol Integer ID: 111504
Keywords: inspiratory muscle warm-up, wrestling, heart rate, recovery performance, peak inspiratory flow, inspiratory volume ,
Abstract
The following protocol has been used in the research title: Does the inspiratory muscle warm-up have an acute effect on wrestling recovery performance?
The aim of this research is to examine the acute effects of warm-up for inspiratory muscles on recovery, inspiratory muscle strength, along with some inspiratory function parameters in young wrestlers.
Attachments
ethics commitee.pdf
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Materials
Measurement of inspiratory muscle strength: Micro Medical-Carefusion Micro RPM, United Kingdom,
Peak inspiratory flow and inspiration volume test: POWERbreathe K5, United Kingdom,
Heart rate monitoring: PO80, Beuer Germany,
Anthropometric measurements: SECA 213 (Made in Germany), Tanita BC 418 Tanita Corp., Tokyo, Japan
Testing Environment
Testing Environment
Environmental conditions were standardised; In our study, three different warm-up protocols (Wrestling Warm-up, Wrestling Warm-up + Inspiratory Muscle Warm-up, Wrestling Warm-up + Placebo Warm-up) were administered on the same day and time of the week (Monday, 2–3:00 pm) with a one-week interval between each session. Environmental conditions were standardised; test sessions took place in a temperaturecontrolled laboratory (20 to 22 °C; humidity < 70%).
Participant
Participant
All participants train at the same sports club, under the guidance of the same coach, five days a week. The inclusion criteria for the study were as follows: being between 14-16 years of age, having participated in regular wrestling training for at least 4 years, being male, having no health problems that would prevent participation in the study, no history of chest diseases, being a non-smoker, and not having sustained any sports injuries in the past 12 months. Participants who volunteered to join the study and met the inclusion criteria completed the necessary paperwork (Informed Consent Form – Informed Parental/Guardian Consent Form). After receiving approval from the principal investigator, the warm-up protocols and tests to be conducted within the scope of the study were initiated. In our study, three different warm-up protocols were applied in the following order: wrestling warm-up, wrestling warm-up plus inspiratory warm-up, and wrestling warm-up plus placebo warm-up. Each protocol was separated by a one-week interval to minimize carryover effects, and their impacts on inspiratory muscle strength, peak inspiratory flow, inspiratory volume, and recovery were evaluated.
Anthropometric Measurements
Anthropometric Measurements
Demographic information was collected before testing. Participants' height was measured using a SECA 213 (Made in Germany) with a measurement range of 20-205 cm and a measurement accuracy of 1 mm. Participants stepped barefoot on the disinfected area after each user and stood upright. The test result was recorded in cm.
Body mass measurements of the participants were performed using a Tanita BC 418 segmental body composition analyzer (Tanita Corp., Tokyo, Japan). Measurements were performed in the morning, provided that participants had fasted for at least 12 hours, and refrained from heavy physical activity for at least 48 hours. During the measurement, participants were asked to remove all metal objects and step barefoot on the platform in light clothing
Warm-Up Protocols
Warm-Up Protocols
Wrestling warm-up (WW): It was designed as a traditional specific wrestling warm-up that contained jogging (10-minute), followed by dynamic stretching exercises (10 minute) for the upper and lower body extremities. After the heart rate reached 95-100 beats/min with the traditional wrestling specific warm-up, then the wrestling bout was performed.
Wrestling warm-up plus inspiratory warm-up : It was designed so the WWIW protocol was coupled together with the traditional specific wrestling warm-up. All participants first performed the wrestling warm-up, then immediately carried out the respiratory warm-up by performing two sets of 30 breaths with inspiratory pressure-threshold equivalent 40% maximum inspiratory mouth pressure using the POWERbreathe‱ respiratory muscle device (POWERbreathe International Ltd., U.K.). After the heart rate reached 95-100 beats/min with the wrestling warm-up plus respiratory specific warm-up, then the wrestling bout was performed.
Wrestling warm-up plus placebo warm-up : The same method was followed as with the WWIW, but the POWERbreathe‱ respiratory muscle device was set by inspiratory pressure- threshold equivalent to 15% without notice for the participants. After the heart rate reached 95-100 beats/min with the wrestling warm-up plus placebo warm up specific warm-up, then the wrestling bout was performed.
Simulated Wrestling Bout
Simulated Wrestling Bout
A simulated wrestling bout (two-min x 2 period, with a 30 s break between the periods) was performed after the warm-up protocol and measurements, according to the United World Wrestling rules, between wrestlers of the same weight class. The simulated wrestling bout lasted the full two-minute duration, regardless of any pin that might occur, ensuring consistency in match length. Additionally, subjects competed exclusively against the same opponent within their weight class throughout all protocol applications, with no changes in opponents.
Respiratory Muscle Function
Respiratory Muscle Function
Measurement of inspiratory muscle strength
Maximal inspiratory pressure which reveals the force generating capacity of inspiratory muscles during the Muller maneuver, is a valid method used to measure respiratory muscle strength. This measurement was determined with a portable device (Micro Medical-Carefusion Micro RPM, United Kingdom). The measurement score can be monitored instantly from the device. Participants were asked to hold the measuring instrument with both hands and close their lips tightly around the flanged mouthpiece during the measurement. The participants were asked to exhale as deeply as possible (residual volume) and then perform maximum inspiration for more than one second for the test. A nose clip was applied to prevent air escaping from the nose, and the test was performed while the participants were standing. Participants completed three MIP trials at each timepoint, and the highest value was recorded and used for statistical analysis.
Peak inspiratory flow and inspiration volume test
Peak inspiratory flow evaluates the ability of inspiratory muscles to contract rapidly and overcome resistance inherent in the respiratory system Inspiratory volume is the volume and amount of air reaching the lungs with each inspiration. A portable device (POWERbreathe K5, United Kingdom) was used for both tests. The test was performed with the participant standing with his nose closed with a clothespin and was asked to exhale as deeply as possible (residual volume) and then perform maximum inspiration for more than one second for the test. PIF and inspiration volume were both taken simultaneously in the single breath test mode of the device.
Heart rate monitoring
Heart rate monitoring
Heart rate was measured just before and immediately after the performance bouts using a commercially available pulse oximeter (PO80, Beuer Germany) device that was placed tightly on the forefinger without moving and recorded the data.
Protocol references
Anthropometric Measurements
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Measurement of inspiratory muscle strength
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PIF and inspiration volume test
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Heart rate monitoring
Parr NJ, Beech EH, Young S. Differential pulse oximeter accuracy, occult hypoxemia prevalence, and clinical outcomes by patient race/ethnicity: A systematic review [Internet]. Washington (DC): Department of Veterans Affairs (US); 2023 [cited 2024 Sep 4]. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK602601/.
Losa-Iglesias M, Becerro-de-Bengoa-Vallejo R, Becerro-de-Bengoa-Losa K. Reliability and concurrent validity of a peripheral pulse oximeter and health–app system for the quantification of heart rate in healthy adults. Health Informatics Journal. 2016;22:151-159. doi:10.1177/1460458214540909.
Acknowledgements
We thank all the excellent athletes and their coaches for participating in the study.