Jun 15, 2022
Protocol for Dead-End Ultrafiltration using REXEED 25S for Isolation of Salmonella from Surface Water
- Autumn L Kraft1,
- Manan Sharma1,
- James E Wells2,
- Abasiofiok Mark Ibekwe3,
- NARMS EWG4,
- Jonathan G Frye5
- 1USDA Agricultural Research Service Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory;
- 2USDA Agricultural Research Service Meat Safety and Quality Laboratory;
- 3USDA Agricultural Research Service Agricultural Water Efficiency and Salinity Research Unit;
- 4National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System Environmental Working Group;
- 5USDA Agricultural Research Service
- NARMS EWG: Lisa Durso, Lari Hiott, Cheryl East, Betty McConn, Andrea Ottesen, Jie Zheng, Laura Boczek;
Protocol Citation: Autumn L Kraft, Manan Sharma, James E Wells, Abasiofiok Mark Ibekwe, NARMS EWG, Jonathan G Frye 2022. Protocol for Dead-End Ultrafiltration using REXEED 25S for Isolation of Salmonella from Surface Water. protocols.io https://dx.doi.org/10.17504/protocols.io.bp2l613p1vqe/v1
License: This is an open access protocol distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited
Protocol status: Working
This protocol was used to recover low levels of Salmonella enterica (ca. 0.030 CFU/mL) from 1 L of surface water at two different USDA ARS Research Laboratories.
Created: May 04, 2022
Last Modified: April 19, 2023
Protocol Integer ID: 61972
Keywords: National Program 108, Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Dead-end ultrafiltration, DEUF, REXEED 25S, Salmonella
Abstract
Protocol describes dead-end ultrafiltration (DEUF) using REXEED 25S for the recovery and isolation of Salmonella from surface water.
Attachments
412-893.docx
975KB
Materials
Supplies Needed
- Geotech pump (Geotech #91352123) with EZ-Load II pump head
- Assorted lengths of Masterflex Silicone tubing, size 36
- Carboy for liquid waste collection
- Ringstand with adjustable clamps to hold filter
- Hose clamps, appropriate size for Masterflex Silicone, size 36 tubing
- REXEED 25S filters (Dial Medical Supply)
- DIN adapters (Molded Products, MPC-855NS.375)
- Sterilized graduated cylinders (250 and 500 mL)
- 2X Buffered peptone water (BPW, Accumedia #7417)
- Control strain, Salmonella typhimurium BIOBALL® Luminate (BioMerieux, #422190)
- Backflush solution (see recipe below)
Deionized water (sterilized)
Tween 80 (Fisher T164)
sodium hexametaphosphateSigma AldrichCatalog #305553
Antifoam Y-30 emulsion (Sigma A5758)
Recipes
Backflush solution preparation for 500 mL (each sample requires 100 mL):
1.Make a 10% NaPP/1% Antifoam Y-30 stock solution.
- Add 1 g NaPP and 100 µL Antifoam Y-30 to 10 mL DI water. Shake vigorously to dissolve the NaPP.
2. Add 500 mL DI water to a 500-mL bottle (glass or plastic).
- Add 2.5 mL of Tween 80 and 500 µL of the 10%NaPP/1% Antifoam Y-30 stock solution. Swirl to dissolve the Tween 80.
3. Final concentration in Backflush solution: 0.5% Tween 80/0.01% NaPP/0.001% Antifoam Y-30
Protocol
Protocol
If needed, add control strain to water sample by gently tipping vial over the opening. Close sample bottle tightly and thoroughly mix sample before proceeding.
Prepare for filtration by setting up Geotech pump in the biosafety cabinet (BSC). Ensure there is enough room around pump to include filtrate/waste collection bottle and ringstand or clamps for holding filter (Rexeed 25S).
Ensure you have different lengths of Masterflex tubing to allow for insertion into the sample bottle, through the pump head, connecting at the top port (RED) of the ultrafilter using DIN adapter with a second piece of tubing connecting to the lower side port (BLUE end, NOT bottom port) of the Rexeed 25S filter and ending in a collection container.
Attach intake tubing to the Rexeed 25S so the sample will flow through the filter as indicated on the label (from top to bottom, ORANGE to BLUE). Attach the outgoing tubing to the opposite end of the filter with the outlet end in a waste collection bottle (Figure 1).
Figure 1. Ultrafiltration set up for sample filtration. Tubing connects using DIN adapter at top port (ORANGE) and at lower side port of Rexeed 25S filter. Bottom port (BLUE) and upper side port remain closed/capped during filtration.
Place inlet of intake tubing into the 1 L bottle containing surface water, ensure the tubing is clamped in EZ Load pump head, and water is flowing through tubing in the appropriate direction. Then turn on pump, set pump rate to ¾ of the maximum flow rate, and adjust pump speed after pumping has initiated to reach a steady/constant flow rate through the filter.
Turn off pump once filtration is complete and any remaining water in tubing should be drained into the waste collection container.
Note
WARNING! The pressure built up in the intake tubing will lead to a sudden discharge of pressure when the pump head is released. BE PREPARED for this by using a gloved hand to secure the tubing in the sample container before you release the pressure.
Reposition tubing on the Rexeed 25S filter in the configuration shown in Figure 2. Start by removing the intake tubing and DIN adapter at the top, closing the port with the cap, and discard tubing/adapter in decontamination container. Remove tubing from lower side port and re-cap so all ports on the filter are sealed. Tubing can then be attached to upper side port (Figure 2) – remember to remove cap from side port first. Thread tubing through Geotech EZ Load pump and place into Backflush solution container.
Figure 2. Backflush pump and filter set up. Make note of the closing of the top port (ORANGE) and lower side port before opening upper side port on Rexeed 25S filter. Tubing is only necessary for upper side port as a collection bottle will sit at open bottom port (BLUE) to collect backflush for enrichment.
Place collection bottle below the bottom port (BLUE) and remove cap on filter before backflushing.
Place prepared Backflush solution (100 mL ) as pictured in Figure 2 and begin pumping as described in steps 4 and 5 until the backflush solution has been filtered and liquid stops flowing from the open bottom port.
Note
REMEMBER: the pressure will build up so when released it can be violent (tube can be ejected from backflush bottle). To prevent this, secure tubing in backflush bottle (using a gloved hand) before releasing pump head.
Collect as much backflush filtrate as possible and once flow has stopped, turn off pump and remove tubing from backflush collection. To avoid spills from water remaining in tubing, all tubing should go into a bin for decontamination via autoclave.
Add appropriate volume of concentrated 2X BPW to backflush filtrate bottle to make a 1:1 dilution. Incubate enriched backflush at 37 °C for 18-24 h.
Note
For next steps, refer to “Selective Enrichment Protocol for Salmonella Isolation from Surface Water.”