Dec 06, 2023
Immunofluorescence Multi-label Protocol for Free-floating Fixed Tissue
- Yaping Chu1,
- Jeremy Molina1,
- Scott Muller1,
- Jeffrey H Kordower1
- 1Arizona State University
Protocol Citation: Yaping Chu, Jeremy Molina, Scott Muller, Jeffrey H Kordower 2023. Immunofluorescence Multi-label Protocol for Free-floating Fixed Tissue. protocols.io https://dx.doi.org/10.17504/protocols.io.j8nlkorn5v5r/v1
License: This is an open access protocol distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited
Protocol status: Working
We use this protocol and it's working
Created: December 06, 2023
Last Modified: May 31, 2024
Protocol Integer ID: 91873
Keywords: Immunohistochemistry, Immunofluorescence, ASAPCRN
Abstract
Immunofluorescence multi-label protocol for staining free-floating fixed tissue in the Kordower Laboratory.
Attachments
Guidelines
HISTO- NOTES:
- Primate tissue staining dishes use 100 mL solution per dish
- Rodent tissue staining dishes 50 mL solution per dish
- If staining a large number of primate cases, incubate 1' & 2' Ab in individual cups to conserve volume of Ab used.
- Be conscious of tissue saturation while washing and incubating. i.e. Check that tissue is fully submerged in solution & not clumping. This will ensure proper penetration of antibodies & other reagents.
- Always include Positive & Negative Controls.
- Positive: Use relevant control tissue to confirm specific antibody detection. (i.e. pS129; control tissue should consist of nigral sections previously successfully stained for pS129).
- Negative: Ideally, use tissue that you know does not contain the targeted antigen. If not available, use a section of tissue not incubated in the 1' Ab (primary delete).
- When incubating 1' Ab overnight, leave on shaker in refrigerator.
- Can incubate in fridge on a shaker, covered in parafilm, over the weekend or up to 3 days.
- Select a secondary antibody directed against the species in which the primary antibody was raised (i.e. if a primary antibody raised in rabbit is used, an anti-rabbit secondary antibody raised in a species other than rabbit must be used).
Materials
- Dilution Media (DM) (0.2 Molarity (M) TBS plus 0.05 % volume Triton X-100)
- 0.2 Molarity (M) Tris-buffered saline (TBS)
- Sodium meta-periodate
- Normal Serum (species matching the host of the secondary antibody, e.g. horse, goat)
- Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA)
- Triton X-100
- Vectastain Elite ABC-HRP Kit (PK-6100)
- Imidazole
- Sodium Acetate
- 3,3-Diaminobenzidine Tetrahydrochloride (DAB)
- 30 % (v/v) hydrogen peroxide
- 0.2 Molarity (M) Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS)
- Household Bleach
- Primary antibody against the target antigen
- Secondary antibody directed against the species in which the primary antibody was raised (i.e. if a primary antibody raised in rabbit is used, an anti-rabbit secondary antibody raised in a species other than rabbit must be used).
DAY 1 (4 hrs)
DAY 1 (4 hrs)
Wash sections (6 x 00:10:00 ) in Dilution Media (DM) (0.2 Molarity (M) TBS plus 0.05 % volume Triton X-100).
10m
Wash sections for 00:10:00 in DM (1/6).
10m
Wash sections for 00:10:00 in DM (2/6).
10m
Wash sections for 00:10:00 in DM (3/6).
10m
Wash sections for 00:10:00 in DM (4/6).
10m
Wash sections for 00:10:00 in DM (5/6).
10m
Wash sections for 00:10:00 in DM (6/6).
10m
Endogenous peroxidase inhibition (00:20:00 ). 0.1 Molarity (M) Sodium meta-periodate in TBS.
Note
Only necessary if using ABC, because it has HRP and could cause background.
- 100 mL 0.2 Molarity (M) Tris-buffered saline (TBS)
- 2.13 g Sodium meta-periodate
20m
Wash (2 x 00:10:00 ) in DM.
Note
Only necessary following endogenous peroxidase inhibition.
10m
Wash for 00:10:00 in DM (1/2).
10m
Wash for 00:10:00 in DM (2/2).
10m
Serum blocking step (01:00:00 incubation):
- 100 mL DM
- 3 mL Normal Serum (species matching the host of the secondary antibody, e.g. horse, goat)
- 2 g Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA)
1h
Incubation in primary antibody (18:00:00 - 72:00:00 ). See antibody catalog for concentration of primary antibody.
- 100 mL DM
- 1 mL Normal Serum (species matching the host of the secondary antibody, e.g. horse, goat)
- 1 g BSA
- 0.5 mL Triton X-100
Note
**Optionally, refrigerate 4 °C to keep antibody stable**
3d 18h
DAY 2 (8 hrs)
DAY 2 (8 hrs)
2h 30m
Wash (6 x 00:10:00 ) in DM.
10m
Wash in DM for 00:10:00 (1/6).
10m
Wash in DM for 00:10:00 (2/6).
10m
Wash in DM for 00:10:00 (3/6).
10m
Wash in DM for 00:10:00 (4/6).
10m
Wash in DM for 00:10:00 (5/6).
10m
Wash in DM for 00:10:00 (6/6).
10m
Fluorophore-conjugated secondary antibody incubation. (01:00:00 ) Concentration of secondary antibody is always 1:200 in solvent.
- 100 mL DM
- 1 mL Normal Serum (species matching the host of the secondary antibody, e.g. horse, goat)
- 1 g BSA
1h
Wash (2 x 00:10:00 ) in TBS.
10m
Wash for 00:10:00 in TBS (1/2).
10m
Wash for 00:10:00 in TBS (2/2).
10m
Serum blocking step (01:00:00 incubation):
- 100 mL DM
- 5 % (v/v) Normal Serum (species MATCHING THE HOST OF THE PRIMARY antibody, saturates open binding sites on secondary antibody)
- 1 g Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA)
Note
**DO NOT USE any detergent (i.e. Triton X-100, Tween-20, DM) from this step onward! Detergent will wash away the fragment antibodies!**
Oversaturate with Fab antibody against host of primary antibody and from same host
species as secondary antibody. (ex. If primary was mouse and secondary was
goat anti-mouse, you would use a Fab-goat anti-mouse antibody). Working
concentration: 40 Mass Percent . (01:00:00 incubation)
- 100 mL TBS
- 40 Mass Percent Fab antibody (base concentration is 1.3 mg/mL for fab-goat anti mouse, so use M1V1 = M2V2 to find V1/X).
1h
Wash (2 x 00:10:00 ) in TBS.
Wash for 00:10:00 in TBS (1/2).
Wash for 00:10:00 in TBS (2/2).
Incubation in SECOND primary antibody (18:00:00 - 72:00:00 ). See antibody catalog for concentration of primary antibody.
- 100 mL DM
- 1 mL Normal Serum (species matching the host of the secondary antibody, e.g. horse, goat)
- 1 g BSA
Note
**Optionally, refrigerate 4 °C to keep antibody stable** CAN ALSO ADD THIRD PRIMARY ANTIBODY FROM DIFFERENT SPECIES, IF NEEDED.
DAY 3 (2 hrs)
DAY 3 (2 hrs)
Wash (6 x 00:10:00 ) in TBS.
Wash in TBS for 00:10:00 (1/6).
Wash in TBS for 00:10:00 (2/6).
Wash in TBS for 00:10:00 (3/6).
Wash in TBS for 00:10:00 (4/6).
Wash in TBS for 00:10:00 (5/6).
Wash in TBS for 00:10:00 (6/6).
Fluorophore-conjugated secondary antibody incubation against second (and third, if used) primary antibody. (01:00:00 ) Use different fluorophores for each secondary. Concentration of secondary antibody is always 1:200 in solvent.
- 100 mL DM
- 1 mL Normal Serum (species matching the host of the secondary antibody, e.g. horse, goat)
- 1 g BSA
Wash (3 x 00:10:00 ) in TBS.
Wash for 00:10:00 in TBS (1/3).
Wash for 00:10:00 in TBS (2/3).
Note
**Can add DAPI (1:15,000) during the second TBS washing step, if desired.**
Wash for 00:10:00 in TBS (3/3).
Store tissue in TBS in the refrigerator at 4 °C until mounted.
Control for Fragment antibody (Fab): Control tissue should be processed alongside experimental tissue through Day 2, Step 11. Skip second primary incubation all together (Step 12), and complete Day 3. Check under microscope to ensure there is no co-labeling between the two chosen fluorophores.
Use appropriate +/- controls.