Mar 23, 2022

Public workspaceFLASH-seq protocol V.3

FLASH-seq protocol
  • 1Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel (IOB)
Open access
Protocol CitationSimone Picelli, Vincent Hahaut 2022. FLASH-seq protocol . protocols.io https://dx.doi.org/10.17504/protocols.io.kxygxzkrwv8j/v3Version created by Simone Picelli
Manuscript citation:
Hahaut V, Pavlinic D, Carbone W, Schuierer S, Balmer P, Quinodoz M, Renner M, Roma G, Cowan CS, Picelli S, Fast and highly sensitive full-length single-cell RNA sequencing using FLASH-seq. Nature Biotechnology 40(10). doi: 10.1038/s41587-022-01312-3
License: This is an open access protocol distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License,  which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited
Protocol status: Working
We use this protocol and it’s working
Created: March 23, 2022
Last Modified: March 23, 2022
Protocol Integer ID: 59800
Keywords: FLASH-Seq, single-cell, RNA-sequencing, full-length, tagmentation
Abstract
The single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) field has evolved tremendously since the first paper was published back in 2009. While the first methods analysed just a handful of cells, the throughput and performance rapidly increased over a very short timespan. However, it was not until the introduction of emulsion droplets methods, that the robust and reproducible analysis of thousands of cells became feasible. Despite generating data at a speed and a cost per cell that remains unmatched by full-length protocols like Smart-seq, scRNA-seq in droplets still comes with the drawback of addressing only the terminal portion of the transcripts, thus lacking the required sensitivity for comprehensively analyzing the transcriptome of individual cells. Building upon the existing Smart-seq2/3 workflows, we developed FLASH-seq (FS), a new full-length scRNA-seq method capable of detecting a significantly higher number of genes than both previous versions, requiring limited hands-on time and with a great potential for customization.
Materials
REAGENTS - CELL LYSIS MIX
ReagentdNTP-Set 1Carl RothCatalog #K039.2
ReagentTriton X-100Sigma AldrichCatalog #X100-100ML
ReagentRecombinant RNase Inhibitor (40 U/uL)Takara Bio USA, Inc.Catalog #2313B
ReagentdCTP (100 mM solution)Thermo Fisher ScientificCatalog #10217016

REAGENTS - RT-PCR MIX
ReagentKAPA HiFi HotStart ReadyMix (2x)RocheCatalog #KK2602
ReagentSuperScript™ IV Reverse TranscriptaseThermo Fisher ScientificCatalog #18090050
ReagentMagnesium Chloride (1M Solution)Invitrogen - Thermo FisherCatalog #AM9530G

REAGENTS - MAGNETIC BEADS SOLUTION PREPARATION
ReagentPolyethylenglycol (MW=8000)Sigma AldrichCatalog #89510-1KG-F
ReagentSodium chlorideSigma AldrichCatalog #59222C-1000ML
ReagentSera-Mag SpeedBead Carboxylate-Modified Magnetic Particles (Hydrophobic), 15 mLGe HealthcareCatalog #65152105050250
ReagentSodium azideSigma AldrichCatalog #S2002-25G
ReagentEDTA (0.5 M), pH 8.0Life TechnologiesCatalog #AM9260G
ReagentTris-HCl pH 8.0 (1M solution)Thermo Fisher ScientificCatalog #15568025
ReagentTween-20Sigma-aldrichCatalog #P-7949
If a commercial solution for sample cleanup is preferred, choose the following product:
ReagentAgencourt AMPure XPBeckman CoulterCatalog #A63880

REAGENTS - SAMPLE & LIBRARY QC
ReagentQuant-iT™ PicoGreen® dsDNA Assay KitLife TechnologiesCatalog #P11496
ReagentNunc™ F96 MicroWell™ Polystyrene Plate blackThermo Fisher ScientificCatalog #237105
ReagentQubit™ 1X dsDNA HS Assay KitInvitrogen - Thermo FisherCatalog #Q33231
ReagentQubit™ Assay TubesInvitrogen - Thermo FisherCatalog #Q32856
ReagentAgilent High Sensitivity DNA KitAgilent TechnologiesCatalog #5067-4626

REAGENTS - TAGMENTATION WITH NEXTERA XT KIT
ReagentNextera XT DNA Library Preparation Kit illuminaCatalog #FC-131-1096
ReagentNextera XT Index Kit v2 (set A B C D)illuminaCatalog #FC-131-2001; FC-131-2002; FC-131

REAGENTS - TAGMENTATION WITH IN-HOUSE Tn5 TRANSPOSASE
ReagentKAPA HiFi plus dNTPsRocheCatalog #KK2102
ReagentNN-Dimethylformamide (DMF) solutionMillipore SigmaCatalog #D4551
ReagentSDS, 10% SolutionLife TechnologiesCatalog #AM9822
ReagentTAPSSigma AldrichCatalog #T9659-100G
ReagentSodium Hydroxide (pellet purity 98%)Sigma AldrichCatalog #71690-1KG

GENERAL CONSUMABLES
ReagentRNase AWAY™ Spray Bottle, RNase in spray bottle; 475mLThermo FisherCatalog #7002
Reagent Adhesive PCR Plate SealsThermo Fisher ScientificCatalog #AB0558
ReagentAluminium foil seals for -80ºC storageVWR InternationalCatalog #391-1281
ReagentTwin.Tec® PCR plates 384 (LoBind colourless)EppendorfCatalog #EP0030129547
Reagent UltraPure™ DNase/RNase-Free Distilled WaterThermo Fisher ScientificCatalog #10977023
ReagentDNA LoBind® 1.5 mL (PCR clean colourless)EppendorfCatalog #30108051
ReagentEthanol for molecular biologySigma AldrichCatalog #51976-500ML-F


OLIGONUCLEOTIDES - RT-PCR
ABC
Oligo IDSequence (5’ → 3’)Purification / synthesis scale
Smart dT30VN/5Biosg/AAGCAGTGGTATCAACGCAGAGTACTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTVNdesalted or HPLC
FS TSO/5Biosg/AAGCAGTGGTATCAACGCAGAGTACrGrGrGdesalted or HPLC
/5Biosg/ = C6-linker biotin

OLIGONUCLEOTIDES - IN-HOUSE Tn5 PROTOCOL ONLY
ABC
Oligo IDSequence (5’ → 3’)Comments
TN5MErev/5Phos/ CTGTCTCTTATACACATCT2 µM scale - desalted*
TN5ME-ATCGTCGGCAGCGTCAGATGTGTATAAGAGACAG1 µM scale - desalted*
TN5ME-BGTCTCGTGGGCTCGGAGATGTGTATAAGAGACAG1 µM scale - desalted*
* It is important to follow these recommendations. Ordering oligos at this scale but choosing “HPLC purification” will result in insufficient material for Tn5 loading. The scale indicated here is sufficient for producing 20-25 ml of loaded Tn5.


OLIGONUCLEOTIDES - ALL TAGMENTATION PROTOCOLS (when not ordering the Nextera Index Kit)
One can order the 4 Nextera XT Index Kit v2 (set A, B, C, D) sets, as described above or, alternatively, get them manufactured by any oligonucleotide provider. Below is the list of 24 N7xx and 16 S5xx adaptors required to multiplex 384 samples.
Prepare working dilution plates containing unique combinations of N7xx + S5xx adaptors, each with a final concentration of 5 µM.
AB
Oligo IDSequence (5’ → 3’)
Nextera_v2_N714/5Biosg/CAAGCAGAAGACGGCATACGAGATTCATGAGCGTCTCGTGGGCTCG*G
Nextera_v2_N715/5Biosg/CAAGCAGAAGACGGCATACGAGATCCTGAGATGTCTCGTGGGCTCG*G
Nextera_v2_N716/5Biosg/CAAGCAGAAGACGGCATACGAGATTAGCGAGTGTCTCGTGGGCTCG*G
Nextera_v2_N718/5Biosg/CAAGCAGAAGACGGCATACGAGATGTAGCTCCGTCTCGTGGGCTCG*G
Nextera_v2_N719/5Biosg/CAAGCAGAAGACGGCATACGAGATTACTACGCGTCTCGTGGGCTCG*G
Nextera_v2_N720/5Biosg/CAAGCAGAAGACGGCATACGAGATAGGCTCCGGTCTCGTGGGCTCG*G
Nextera_v2_N721/5Biosg/CAAGCAGAAGACGGCATACGAGATGCAGCGTAGTCTCGTGGGCTCG*G
Nextera_v2_N722/5Biosg/CAAGCAGAAGACGGCATACGAGATCTGCGCATGTCTCGTGGGCTCG*G
Nextera_v2_N723/5Biosg/CAAGCAGAAGACGGCATACGAGATGAGCGCTAGTCTCGTGGGCTCG*G
Nextera_v2_N724/5Biosg/CAAGCAGAAGACGGCATACGAGATCGCTCAGTGTCTCGTGGGCTCG*G
Nextera_v2_N726/5Biosg/CAAGCAGAAGACGGCATACGAGATGTCTTAGGGTCTCGTGGGCTCG*G
Nextera_v2_N727/5Biosg/CAAGCAGAAGACGGCATACGAGATACTGATCGGTCTCGTGGGCTCG*G
Nextera_v2_N728/5Biosg/CAAGCAGAAGACGGCATACGAGATTAGCTGCAGTCTCGTGGGCTCG*G
Nextera_v2_N729/5Biosg/CAAGCAGAAGACGGCATACGAGATGACGTCGAGTCTCGTGGGCTCG*G
Nextera_v2_S502/5Biosg/AATGATACGGCGACCACCGAGATCTACACCTCTCTATTCGTCGGCAGCGT*C
Nextera_v2_S513/5Biosg/AATGATACGGCGACCACCGAGATCTACACTCGACTAGTCGTCGGCAGCGT*C
Nextera_v2_S503/5Biosg/AATGATACGGCGACCACCGAGATCTACACTATCCTCTTCGTCGGCAGCGT*C
Nextera_v2_S515/5Biosg/AATGATACGGCGACCACCGAGATCTACACTTCTAGCTTCGTCGGCAGCGT*C
Nextera_v2_S505/5Biosg/AATGATACGGCGACCACCGAGATCTACACGTAAGGAGTCGTCGGCAGCGT*C
Nextera_v2_S516/5Biosg/AATGATACGGCGACCACCGAGATCTACACCCTAGAGTTCGTCGGCAGCGT*C
Nextera_v2_S506/5Biosg/AATGATACGGCGACCACCGAGATCTACACACTGCATATCGTCGGCAGCGT*C
Nextera_v2_S517/5Biosg/AATGATACGGCGACCACCGAGATCTACACGCGTAAGATCGTCGGCAGCGT*C
Nextera_v2_S507/5Biosg/AATGATACGGCGACCACCGAGATCTACACAAGGAGTATCGTCGGCAGCGT*C
Nextera_v2_S518/5Biosg/AATGATACGGCGACCACCGAGATCTACACCTATTAAGTCGTCGGCAGCGT*C
Nextera_v2_S508/5Biosg/AATGATACGGCGACCACCGAGATCTACACCTAAGCCTTCGTCGGCAGCGT*C
Nextera_v2_S520/5Biosg/AATGATACGGCGACCACCGAGATCTACACAAGGCTATTCGTCGGCAGCGT*C
Nextera_v2_S510/5Biosg/AATGATACGGCGACCACCGAGATCTACACCGTCTAATTCGTCGGCAGCGT*C
Nextera_v2_S521/5Biosg/AATGATACGGCGACCACCGAGATCTACACGAGCCTTATCGTCGGCAGCGT*C
Nextera_v2_S511/5Biosg/AATGATACGGCGACCACCGAGATCTACACTCTCTCCGTCGTCGGCAGCGT*C
Nextera_v2_S522/5Biosg/AATGATACGGCGACCACCGAGATCTACACTTATGCGATCGTCGGCAGCGT*C
All oligonucleotides carry a 5´-biotin (/5Biosg/) and a phosphorothioate bond (*) between the last and the second last nucleotide. For cost reasons, we ordered desalted oligos and not HPLC purified.


OLIGONUCLEOTIDES - ALL TAGMENTATION PROTOCOLS (when not ordering the Nextera Index Kit)
To increase the multiplex capabilities, we designed an additional set of 32 S5xx and 48 N7xx adaptors (non-UDI).
AB
Oligo IDSequence
Nextera_extra_i7_1/5Biosg/CAAGCAGAAGACGGCATACGAGATGCCTATCAGTCTCGTGGGCTCG*G
Nextera_extra_i7_2/5Biosg/CAAGCAGAAGACGGCATACGAGATCTTGGATGGTCTCGTGGGCTCG*G
Nextera_extra_i7_3/5Biosg/CAAGCAGAAGACGGCATACGAGATAGTCTCACGTCTCGTGGGCTCG*G
Nextera_extra_i7_4/5Biosg/CAAGCAGAAGACGGCATACGAGATCTCATCAGGTCTCGTGGGCTCG*G
Nextera_extra_i7_5/5Biosg/CAAGCAGAAGACGGCATACGAGATTGTACCGTGTCTCGTGGGCTCG*G
Nextera_extra_i7_6/5Biosg/CAAGCAGAAGACGGCATACGAGATAAGTCGAGGTCTCGTGGGCTCG*G
Nextera_extra_i7_7/5Biosg/CAAGCAGAAGACGGCATACGAGATCACGTTGTGTCTCGTGGGCTCG*G
Nextera_extra_i7_8/5Biosg/CAAGCAGAAGACGGCATACGAGATTCACAGCAGTCTCGTGGGCTCG*G
Nextera_extra_i7_9/5Biosg/CAAGCAGAAGACGGCATACGAGATCTACTTGGGTCTCGTGGGCTCG*G
Nextera_extra_i7_10/5Biosg/CAAGCAGAAGACGGCATACGAGATCCTCAGTTGTCTCGTGGGCTCG*G
Nextera_extra_i7_11/5Biosg/CAAGCAGAAGACGGCATACGAGATTCCTACCTGTCTCGTGGGCTCG*G
Nextera_extra_i7_12/5Biosg/CAAGCAGAAGACGGCATACGAGATATGGCGAAGTCTCGTGGGCTCG*G
Nextera_extra_i7_13/5Biosg/CAAGCAGAAGACGGCATACGAGATCTTACCTGGTCTCGTGGGCTCG*G
Nextera_extra_i7_14/5Biosg/CAAGCAGAAGACGGCATACGAGATCTCGATACGTCTCGTGGGCTCG*G
Nextera_extra_i7_15/5Biosg/CAAGCAGAAGACGGCATACGAGATTCCGTGAAGTCTCGTGGGCTCG*G
Nextera_extra_i7_16/5Biosg/CAAGCAGAAGACGGCATACGAGATTAGAGCTCGTCTCGTGGGCTCG*G
Nextera_extra_i7_17/5Biosg/CAAGCAGAAGACGGCATACGAGATTGACTGACGTCTCGTGGGCTCG*G
Nextera_extra_i7_18/5Biosg/CAAGCAGAAGACGGCATACGAGATTAGACGTGGTCTCGTGGGCTCG*G
Nextera_extra_i7_19/5Biosg/CAAGCAGAAGACGGCATACGAGATCCGGAATTGTCTCGTGGGCTCG*G
Nextera_extra_i7_20/5Biosg/CAAGCAGAAGACGGCATACGAGATCTCCTAGAGTCTCGTGGGCTCG*G
Nextera_extra_i7_21/5Biosg/CAAGCAGAAGACGGCATACGAGATCAACGGATGTCTCGTGGGCTCG*G
Nextera_extra_i7_22/5Biosg/CAAGCAGAAGACGGCATACGAGATTGGCTATCGTCTCGTGGGCTCG*G
Nextera_extra_i7_23/5Biosg/CAAGCAGAAGACGGCATACGAGATCGGTCATAGTCTCGTGGGCTCG*G
Nextera_extra_i7_24/5Biosg/CAAGCAGAAGACGGCATACGAGATTCCAATCGGTCTCGTGGGCTCG*G
Nextera_extra_i7_25/5Biosg/CAAGCAGAAGACGGCATACGAGATGAGCTTGTGTCTCGTGGGCTCG*G
Nextera_extra_i7_26/5Biosg/CAAGCAGAAGACGGCATACGAGATGAAGGTTCGTCTCGTGGGCTCG*G
Nextera_extra_i7_27/5Biosg/CAAGCAGAAGACGGCATACGAGATATCTCGCTGTCTCGTGGGCTCG*G
Nextera_extra_i7_28/5Biosg/CAAGCAGAAGACGGCATACGAGATAGTTACGGGTCTCGTGGGCTCG*G
Nextera_extra_i7_29/5Biosg/CAAGCAGAAGACGGCATACGAGATGTGTCTGAGTCTCGTGGGCTCG*G
Nextera_extra_i7_30/5Biosg/CAAGCAGAAGACGGCATACGAGATTGACTTCGGTCTCGTGGGCTCG*G
Nextera_extra_i7_31/5Biosg/CAAGCAGAAGACGGCATACGAGATTGGATCACGTCTCGTGGGCTCG*G
Nextera_extra_i7_32/5Biosg/CAAGCAGAAGACGGCATACGAGATACACCAGTGTCTCGTGGGCTCG*G
Nextera_extra_i7_33/5Biosg/CAAGCAGAAGACGGCATACGAGATCAGGTTAGGTCTCGTGGGCTCG*G
Nextera_extra_i7_34/5Biosg/CAAGCAGAAGACGGCATACGAGATAGTTGGCTGTCTCGTGGGCTCG*G
Nextera_extra_i7_35/5Biosg/CAAGCAGAAGACGGCATACGAGATTCAACTGGGTCTCGTGGGCTCG*G
Nextera_extra_i7_36/5Biosg/CAAGCAGAAGACGGCATACGAGATCTGCACTTGTCTCGTGGGCTCG*G
Nextera_extra_i7_37/5Biosg/CAAGCAGAAGACGGCATACGAGATACACGGTTGTCTCGTGGGCTCG*G
Nextera_extra_i7_38/5Biosg/CAAGCAGAAGACGGCATACGAGATAATACGCGGTCTCGTGGGCTCG*G
Nextera_extra_i7_39/5Biosg/CAAGCAGAAGACGGCATACGAGATTGCGAACTGTCTCGTGGGCTCG*G
Nextera_extra_i7_40/5Biosg/CAAGCAGAAGACGGCATACGAGATGCTGACTAGTCTCGTGGGCTCG*G
Nextera_extra_i7_41/5Biosg/CAAGCAGAAGACGGCATACGAGATGTGGTGTTGTCTCGTGGGCTCG*G
Nextera_extra_i7_42/5Biosg/CAAGCAGAAGACGGCATACGAGATGTGCTTACGTCTCGTGGGCTCG*G
Nextera_extra_i7_43/5Biosg/CAAGCAGAAGACGGCATACGAGATTCAAGGACGTCTCGTGGGCTCG*G
Nextera_extra_i7_44/5Biosg/CAAGCAGAAGACGGCATACGAGATTGAACCTGGTCTCGTGGGCTCG*G
Nextera_extra_i7_45/5Biosg/CAAGCAGAAGACGGCATACGAGATAGTGTTGGGTCTCGTGGGCTCG*G
Nextera_extra_i7_46/5Biosg/CAAGCAGAAGACGGCATACGAGATGTACTCTCGTCTCGTGGGCTCG*G
Nextera_extra_i7_47/5Biosg/CAAGCAGAAGACGGCATACGAGATCCGTATCTGTCTCGTGGGCTCG*G
Nextera_extra_i7_48/5Biosg/CAAGCAGAAGACGGCATACGAGATCGAAGAACGTCTCGTGGGCTCG*G
All oligonucleotides carry a 5´-biotin (/5Biosg/) and a phosphorothioate bond (*) between the last and the second last nucleotide. For cost reasons, we ordered desalted oligos and not HPLC purified.
Prepare working dilution plates containing unique combinations of N7xx + S5xx adaptors, each with a final concentration of 5 µM.

AB
Oligo IDSequence
Nextera_extra_i5_1/5Biosg/AATGATACGGCGACCACCGAGATCTACACCGACCATTTCGTCGGCAGCGT*C
Nextera_extra_i5_2/5Biosg/AATGATACGGCGACCACCGAGATCTACACGATAGCGATCGTCGGCAGCGT*C
Nextera_extra_i5_3/5Biosg/AATGATACGGCGACCACCGAGATCTACACAATGGACGTCGTCGGCAGCGT*C
Nextera_extra_i5_4/5Biosg/AATGATACGGCGACCACCGAGATCTACACCGCTAGTATCGTCGGCAGCGT*C
Nextera_extra_i5_5/5Biosg/AATGATACGGCGACCACCGAGATCTACACTCTCTAGGTCGTCGGCAGCGT*C
Nextera_extra_i5_6/5Biosg/AATGATACGGCGACCACCGAGATCTACACACATTGCGTCGTCGGCAGCGT*C
Nextera_extra_i5_7/5Biosg/AATGATACGGCGACCACCGAGATCTACACTGAGGTGTTCGTCGGCAGCGT*C
Nextera_extra_i5_8/5Biosg/AATGATACGGCGACCACCGAGATCTACACAATGCCTCTCGTCGGCAGCGT*C
Nextera_extra_i5_9/5Biosg/AATGATACGGCGACCACCGAGATCTACACCTGGAGTATCGTCGGCAGCGT*C
Nextera_extra_i5_10/5Biosg/AATGATACGGCGACCACCGAGATCTACACGTATGCTGTCGTCGGCAGCGT*C
Nextera_extra_i5_11/5Biosg/AATGATACGGCGACCACCGAGATCTACACTGGAGAGTTCGTCGGCAGCGT*C
Nextera_extra_i5_12/5Biosg/AATGATACGGCGACCACCGAGATCTACACCGATAGAGTCGTCGGCAGCGT*C
Nextera_extra_i5_13/5Biosg/AATGATACGGCGACCACCGAGATCTACACCTCATTGCTCGTCGGCAGCGT*C
Nextera_extra_i5_14/5Biosg/AATGATACGGCGACCACCGAGATCTACACACCAGCTTTCGTCGGCAGCGT*C
Nextera_extra_i5_15/5Biosg/AATGATACGGCGACCACCGAGATCTACACGAATCGTGTCGTCGGCAGCGT*C
Nextera_extra_i5_16/5Biosg/AATGATACGGCGACCACCGAGATCTACACAGGCTTCTTCGTCGGCAGCGT*C
Nextera_extra_i5_17/5Biosg/AATGATACGGCGACCACCGAGATCTACACCAGTTCTGTCGTCGGCAGCGT*C
Nextera_extra_i5_18/5Biosg/AATGATACGGCGACCACCGAGATCTACACTTGGTGAGTCGTCGGCAGCGT*C
Nextera_extra_i5_19/5Biosg/AATGATACGGCGACCACCGAGATCTACACCATTCGGTTCGTCGGCAGCGT*C
Nextera_extra_i5_20/5Biosg/AATGATACGGCGACCACCGAGATCTACACTGTGAAGCTCGTCGGCAGCGT*C
Nextera_extra_i5_21/5Biosg/AATGATACGGCGACCACCGAGATCTACACTAAGTGGCTCGTCGGCAGCGT*C
Nextera_extra_i5_22/5Biosg/AATGATACGGCGACCACCGAGATCTACACACGTGATGTCGTCGGCAGCGT*C
Nextera_extra_i5_23/5Biosg/AATGATACGGCGACCACCGAGATCTACACGTAGAGCATCGTCGGCAGCGT*C
Nextera_extra_i5_24/5Biosg/AATGATACGGCGACCACCGAGATCTACACGTCAGTTGTCGTCGGCAGCGT*C
Nextera_extra_i5_25/5Biosg/AATGATACGGCGACCACCGAGATCTACACATTCGAGGTCGTCGGCAGCGT*C
Nextera_extra_i5_26/5Biosg/AATGATACGGCGACCACCGAGATCTACACGATACTGGTCGTCGGCAGCGT*C
Nextera_extra_i5_27/5Biosg/AATGATACGGCGACCACCGAGATCTACACGCCTTGTTTCGTCGGCAGCGT*C
Nextera_extra_i5_28/5Biosg/AATGATACGGCGACCACCGAGATCTACACTTGGTCTCTCGTCGGCAGCGT*C
Nextera_extra_i5_29/5Biosg/AATGATACGGCGACCACCGAGATCTACACCCGACTATTCGTCGGCAGCGT*C
Nextera_extra_i5_30/5Biosg/AATGATACGGCGACCACCGAGATCTACACGTCCTAAGTCGTCGGCAGCGT*C
Nextera_extra_i5_31/5Biosg/AATGATACGGCGACCACCGAGATCTACACACCAATGCTCGTCGGCAGCGT*C
Nextera_extra_i5_32/5Biosg/AATGATACGGCGACCACCGAGATCTACACGATGCACTTCGTCGGCAGCGT*C
All oligonucleotides carry a 5´-biotin (/5Biosg/) and a phosphorothioate bond (*) between the last and the second last nucleotide. For cost reasons, we ordered desalted oligos and not HPLC purified.
Prepare working dilution plates containing unique combinations of N7xx + S5xx adaptors, each with a final concentration of 5 µM.
Before start
The protocol should be carried out in a clean environment, ideally on a dedicated PCR workstation or on a separate bench used only for this purpose. Before starting, clean the bench and wipe any piece of equipment with RNAseZAP or 0.5% sodium hypochlorite. Rinse with nuclease-free water to avoid corrosion of delicate equipment.

Work quickly and preferably on ice.

Reagent mixes should be prepared shortly before use.

Mix thoroughly each mix before dispensing. For higher accuracy use liquid handling robots and/or nanodispensers whenever possible. In FLASH-Seq we use the I.DOT (​​Dispendix) for all the dispensing steps and the Fluent 780 liquid handling robot (Tecan) for sample cleanup, reagent transfers and pooling.

The protocol described below is meant to be carried out in 384-well plates. When using 96-well plates, we recommend using 5 times larger volume to guarantee successful cell sorting and prevent evaporation issues.

Always use LoBind plates and tubes (especially for long-term storage) to prevent the cDNA/DNA from sticking to plastic.
Prepare lysis mix
Prepare lysis mix
15m

Prepare the following lysis mix:
ABCD
ReagentReaction concentrationVolume (µl)384-well plate
Triton-X100 (10% v/v)0.2%0.0208.448
dNTP mix (25 mM each)6 mM0.240101.376
SMART dT30VN (100 µM)1.8 µM0.0187.603
RNAse inhibitor (40 U/µL)1.2 U/µl0.03012.672
DTT (100 mM)1.2 mM0.0125.069
FS TSO (100 µM)9.2 µM0.09238.861
dCTP (100 mM)9 mM0.09038.016
Betaine (5 M)1 M0.20084.480
Nuclease-free water -0.298125.875
Total volume (µl) 1.000422.400

Add Amount1 µL lysis mix to each well of a 384-well plate

Seal the plate with a PCR seal and quickly spin it down to collect the lysis mix to the bottom.
Proceed immediately to the next step or store the plate at Temperature-20 °C long-term. Plates that are going to be used on the same day can be stored in the fridge or kept on ice.
Note
SAFE STOPPING POINT - Plates containing lysis buffer can be stored for >6 months at Temperature-20 °C

Sample collection
Sample collection
10m
Sort single cells into 384-well plates containing Amount1 µL lysis mix.

Seal the plate with an aluminium seal. If processing multiple plates at once, keep each plate on dry ice until ready to transfer them all at Temperature-80 °C for long-term storage. Plates containing single cells should ideally be processed within 6 months.
Cell lysis
Cell lysis
3m
Remove the plates from the Temperature-80 °C freezer and check that the aluminium seal is still intact. If damaged or not sticking to the plate anymore, wait a few minutes for the plate to partially thaw, remove the damaged foil and replace it with a new one.

Place the plate in a thermocycler with a heated lid and incubate for Duration00:03:00 at Temperature72 °C , followed by a Temperature4 °C hold step.

Spin down any condensation droplets that may have formed during the incubation and return the plate to a cool rack. Proceed quickly to the next step. If not ready with the RT-PCR mix, keep the plate on the cool rack at all times.
3m
RT-PCR reaction
RT-PCR reaction
15m
While the plate is in the thermocycler, prepare the following RT-PCR mix:
ABCD
ReagentReaction concentrationVolume (µl)384-well plate
DTT (0.1 M)4.8 mM0.238100.531
MgCl2 (1 M)9.2 mM0.04619.430
Betaine (5 M)800 mM0.800337.920
RNAse inhibitor (40 U/µl)0.8 U/µl0.09640.550
SuperScript IV (200 U/µl)2.00 U/µl0.05021.120
KAPA HiFi HotStart ReadyMix (2 x)1 x2.5001056.000
Nuclease-free water-0.270114.048
Total volume (µl)4.0001689.600

Add Amount4 µL RT-PCR mix into each well of the 384-well plate.

Seal the plate with a PCR seal, gently vortex and spin down to collect the liquid at the bottom.

Place it in a thermocycler with heated lid and start the following RT-PCR program:

ABCDE
StepTemperatureTimeCycles
RT50ºC60 min1 x
PCRinitial denaturation98ºC3 min1 x
denaturation98ºC20 sec18-21 x*
annealing67ºC20 sec
elongation72ºC6 min
15ºCHold
*Adjust the number of cycles according to the cell type used. We recommend 18-19 cycles for HEK 293T cells and 21 cycles for hPBMC. As a rule of thumb, we typically start with 1-2 less PCR cycles compared to the Smart-seq2 protocol.

Note
SAFE STOPPING POINT - Amplified cDNA before purification can be stored for several months at Temperature-20 °C

Magnetic beads working solution preparation
Magnetic beads working solution preparation
1h
You can either use AMPure XP beads, SPRI beads or prepare your own solution of SeraMag beads containing 18% w/v PEG to reduce costs. A detailed protocol for making your own magnetic bead solution is described in:
CITATION
Picelli S (2019). Full-Length Single-Cell RNA Sequencing with Smart-seq2.. Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.).

Below is a short description of how to prepare 50 ml of working solution:
ABC
ReagentAmount to addFinal concentration
Sodium chloride2.92 gr1 M
Tris-HCl, pH = 8.0 (1 M)500 µl10 mM
EDTA (500 mM)100 µl1 mM
PEG (MW=8000)9.5 gr18% w/v
Nuclease-free solutionto a final volume of 50 ml-

Add all components to a 50-ml Falcon tube but do not add the total amount of nuclease-free water yet.

Solubilise the PEG by stirring and heating the solution at Temperature37 °C .

While the PEG is dissolving, prepare the Sera-Mag SpeedBeads™. Vortex thoroughly to ensure complete resuspension and then withdraw Amount1 mL Sera-Mag SpeedBeads™ stock solution. Transfer it into a new 1.5-ml tube.

Pellet the beads by placing the tube on a magnetic stand. Wait until the solution clears and then discard the supernatant.

Add Amount1 mL 10 mM Tris–HCl pH 8.0 + 1 mM EDTA (TE buffer) and resuspend the beads off the magnet.

Pellet the beads again, wait until the solution is clear, discard the supernatant and resuspend off the magnet with Amount0.9 mL TE buffer.

Once the PEG solution is clear, add the resuspended beads prepared in the previous step.

Add Amount50 µL Tween-20 (10% v/v) and Amount250 µL sodium azide (NaN3, 10% w/v) and adjust the volume to Amount50 mL with nuclease-free water.

Store at Temperature4 °C . Do not freeze.
Note
Confirm that the beads have been properly prepared by cleaning-up a control sample (i.e., amplified cDNA from total RNA) and running a High Sensitivity DNA chip on the Agilent Bioanalyzer. Batch-to-batch variations in PEG concentration will influence size-cutoffs.

Note
Add Tween-20 at the end, to prevent foaming during PEG resuspension.

Safety information
Sodium azide is extremely toxic and should be handled under a fume hood.

cDNA purification
cDNA purification
25m
Remove the Sera-Mag SpeedBeads™ working solution (or AMPure XP beads or SPRI beads when using a commercial solution) from the Temperature4 °C storage and equilibrate it at room temperature for Duration00:15:00 .

Note
We recommend adding extra nuclease-free water to each sample, to increase the volume, simplify the handling and improve recovery rate. We generally add Amount10 µL nuclease-free water to Amount5 µL amplified cDNA.


Add a 0.8 x volume ratio Sera-Mag SpeedBeads™ working solution to each well. Mix thoroughly by pipetting or vortexing.

Incubate the plate off the magnetic stand for Duration00:05:00 at TemperatureRoom temperature .

Place the plate on the magnetic stand and leave it for Duration00:05:00 or until the solution appears clear.

Remove the supernatant without disturbing the beads.

Remove the plate from the magnetic stand, add Amount15 µL nuclease-free water and mix well by pipetting or vortexing to resuspend the beads. Do not let the bead pellet to dry completely, as it can decrease the final cDNA yield!

Incubate Duration00:02:00 off the magnetic stand.

Place the plate back on the magnetic stand and incubate for Duration00:02:00 or until the solution appears clear.

Remove Amount14 µL of the supernatant and transfer it to a new plate.

Note
SAFE STOPPING POINT - Amplified and purified cDNA can be stored for several months at Temperature-20 °C . We recommend using LoBind plates to avoid material losses upon long-term storage.

29m
Quality control check (highly recommended!)
Quality control check (highly recommended!)
45m
Check the cDNA quality on Agilent Bioanalyzer High Sensitivity DNA chip. A good sample is characterised by a low proportion of fragments <400 bp, absence of residual primers (ca. 100 bp) and an average cDNA size of 1.8–2.2 Kb.


Expected result


Example of amplified cDNA from a single hPBMC (21 cycles)



cDNA quantification (optional but recommended)
cDNA quantification (optional but recommended)
15m
Allow the Quant-iT PicoGreen reagent to warm to TemperatureRoom temperature before opening the vial. PicoGreen is light sensitive; while thawing, wrap in aluminium foil.

Prepare a 1 x working solution TE using 20 x TE (supplied) and nuclease-free water.

Prepare a 1:400 dilution PicoGreen solution and always use a plastic vessel.

Prepare the standard curve using Lambda DNA standard (supplied at a concentration of Concentration100 ng/μl , with thePicoGreen kit) and 1 x TE in 8 tubes, as below. The stock tubes can be used multiple times, keep any leftover in the fridge at Temperature4 °C between experiments.

Vortex well and spin down the DNA standards before every use. Not vortexing thoroughly the standards is going to negatively affect the standard curve and your readings! Serial dilutions should be prepared as shown in the table below.
ABCD
Tube no.ContentsConcentrationFinal volume
190 μl TE + 10 μl Lambda DNA stock10 ng/μl100 μl
250 μl from Tube 1 + 50 μl TE5 ng/μl100 μl
350 μl from Tube 2 + 50 μl TE2.5 ng/μl100 μl
450 μl from Tube 3 + 50 μl TE1.25 ng/μl100 μl
550 μl from Tube 4 + 50 μl TE0.625 ng/μl100 μl
650 μl from Tube 5 + 50 μl TE0.3125 ng/μl100 μl
750 μl from Tube 6 + 50 μl TE0.15625 ng/μl100 μl
8TE onlyblank-

Prepare the PicoGreen solution by pipetting Amount0.5 µL PicoGreen dye + Amount99.5 µL 1 X TE for each sample. Vortex to mix.

Pipette Amount1 µL each of the 7 standards + 1 Blank into a black, flat-bottom Nunc™ F96 MicroWell™ plate. Place the standards on one column.

Pipet Amount1 µL of your samples into the center of each well of the Nunc™ F96 MicroWell™ polystyrene plate.

Add Amount99 µL PicoGreen + TE mix into every well. There is no need to mix.

Cover the plate with the provided plastic (transparent) lid to prevent possible contaminations.

Allow Duration00:02:00 for the dye to bind the DNA. Protect from light but keep at room temperature. For optimal results, the plate should be read within the next hour.

Use a plate reader to measure fluorescence (excitation: 485 nm; emission: 530 nm; read from top; endpoint reading).
2m
Plate normalisation
Plate normalisation
10m
Prepare a normalisation plate by adding Amount1 µL purified cDNA and nuclease-free water to a final concentration of Concentration150 pg/μl .


Tagmentation and enrichment PCR
Tagmentation and enrichment PCR
1h
This step can be carried out either by using the commercially available Nextera XT kit or a in-house Tn5 transposase, as described below. Indexing primers can be purchased from Illumina (Nextera XT index kit v2) or ordered from your local oligo manufacturer. In the "Materials" section we have added additional sequences for higher multiplexing.
Tagmentation with the Nextera XT kit
Note
Please note that the volumes described here are a mere suggestion. For example, decreasing the final volume by a factor 2 (while still using the same amount of cDNA and ATM) would give comparable results but significantly reduce costs.

Prepare the tagmentation mix as described below:
AB
ReagentVolume (µl)
ATM (Amplification Tagment Mix)0.250
TD (Tagmentation DNA buffer)2.000
Nuclease-free water0.500
Total volume (µl)3.000

Dispense Amount3 µL tagmentation mix in a new 96-well or 384-well plate.

Add Amount1 µL normalized cDNA (Concentration150 pg/μl ) to each well containing the tagmentation mix.

Seal the plate, vortex, spin down, and carry out the tagmentation reaction: Temperature55 °C for Duration00:08:00 , Temperature4 °C hold. Upon completion proceed immediately to the next step.

Add Amount1 µL NT buffer to each well. Seal the plate, vortex, spin down and incubate Duration00:05:00 at room temperature. Do not put the plate back on ice.

Add Amount2 µL N7xx + S5xx index adaptors (Concentration5 micromolar (µM) each).

Add Amount3 µL NPM solution to each well.

Seal the plate, vortex, spin down, and place it in a thermocycler and carry out the enrichment PCR reaction. Adjust the number of PCR cycles according to the number of processed cells.
ABCDE
StepTemperatureTimeCycles
gap filling72ºC3 min1 x
enrichment PCRinitial denaturation95ºC30 sec1 x
denaturation95ºC10 sec12-14 x
annealing55ºC30 sec
elongation72ºC30 sec
15ºChold


Note
SAFE STOPPING POINT - The final unpurified sequencing library can be stored for several months at Temperature-20 °C


13m
Tagmentation with in-house Tn5 transposase
Note
Please note that the Tn5 transposase amount indicated below is a suggested starting point for tagmenting Concentration150 pg/μl cDNA. Optimisation might be necessary, depending on the specific activity of each batch of Tn5.

Prepare the tagmentation mix as described below:
ABC
ReagentVolume (µl)Final concentration
TAPS-Mg buffer, pH=7.3 (5 x)0.80010 mM TAPS, 5 mM MgCl2
Dimethylformamide (DMF) (100%)0.80020%
Tn5 transposase (2 µM working dil.)0.12562.5 nmol
Nuclease-free water2.275
Total volume (µl)3.000

Safety information
Dimethylformamide (DMF) is toxic and should be handled under the hood according to local safety regulations.

Dispense Amount3 µL tagmentation mix in a new 384-well plate.

Add Amount1 µL normalized cDNA (Concentration150 pg/μl ) to each well containing the tagmentation mix.

Seal the plate, vortex, spin down, and carry out the tagmentation reaction: Temperature55 °C for Duration00:08:00 , Temperature4 °C hold. Upon completion proceed immediately to the next step.

Add Amount1 µL 0.2% SDS to each well. Seal the plate, vortex, spin down and incubate 5 min at room temperature. Do not put the plate back on ice.

Add Amount2 µL N7xx + S5xx index adaptors (Concentration5 micromolar (µM) each).

Add Amount3 µL enrichment PCR mix to each well:
ABC
ReagentVolume (µl)Final concentration
KAPA HiFi enzyme (1 U/μl)0.2000.02 U/μl
KAPA HiFi buffer (5 x)2.0001 x
dNTPs (10 mM)0.300300 nM
Nuclease-free water0.500
Total volume (µl)3.000

Seal the plate, vortex, spin down, and place it in a thermocycler and carry out the enrichment PCR reaction. Adjust the number of PCR cycles according to the number of processed cells.
ABCDE
StepTemperatureTimeCycles
gap filling72ºC3 min1 x
enrichment PCRinitial denaturation98ºC30 sec1 x
denaturation98ºC10 sec12-14 x
annealing55ºC30 sec
elongation72ºC30 sec
15ºChold


8m
Library cleanup and quantification
Library cleanup and quantification
30m
Take an aliquot from each sample for the final library cleanup (i.e. 5 µl). and transfer it to a 1.5-ml Eppendorf tube. The rest of the library can be stored long-term at Temperature-20 °C .

Remove the Sera-Mag SpeedBeads™ working solution from the Temperature4 °C storage and equilibrate it at room temperature for Duration00:15:00 .

Add Sera-Mag SpeedBeads™ working solution to a final ratio of 0.8 x and mix well to homogenisation.

Incubate the tube off the magnetic stand for Duration00:05:00 at TemperatureRoom temperature .

Place the tube on the magnetic stand and leave it for Duration00:05:00 or until the solution appears clear.

Remove the supernatant without disturbing the beads.

Recommended: wash the pellet with Amount1 mL 80% v/v ethanol. Incubate Duration00:00:30 without removing the tube from the magnetic stand.

Remove any trace of ethanol and let the bead pellet dry for Duration00:02:00 or until small cracks appear. Do not cap the tube or remove it from the magnetic stand during this time. Do not completely air-dry the beads.

Remove the tube from the magnetic stand, add Amount50 µL nuclease-free water and mix well by pipetting or vortexing to resuspend the beads.

Incubate Duration00:02:00 off the magnetic stand.

Place the tube back on the magnetic stand and incubate for Duration00:02:00 or until the solution appears clear.

Remove Amount49 µL of the supernatant and transfer it to a new 1.5-ml LoBind tube. Store the cDNA at Temperature-20 °C long-term or until ready for sequencing.

Use Qubit fluorometer to quantify the library. Library yield can vary depending on the number of cells being pooled.

Check the final library size on the Agilent Bioanalyzer.

Use the average size indicated on the Bioanalyzer and the concentration reported after Qubit measurement to determine the exact molarity required for sequencing.

Expected result


Example of sequencing-ready library (pool of 384 HEK 293T cells).



Note
SAFE STOPPING POINT - The final purified sequencing library can be stored for several months at Temperature-20 °C .


31m 30s
Pooling and sequencing
Pooling and sequencing
The purified library can be sequenced on any Illumina sequencer. Follow the specifications reported for each instrument. Single-End 75 bp is generally sufficient but longer read modes or Paired-End sequencing can be an option, depending on the question at hand.
Data processing
Data processing
These instructions briefly describe the data processing of the sequencing results. The final pipeline will likely have to be adapted to the question at hand. The following lines assume that all the programs and their dependencies are installed on your machine and that the data are single-end reads (75 bp). Some values, such as the number of threads and RAM usage may have to be adapted to your machine settings.

It should be noted that there are many other ways to analyse full-length single-cell RNA-sequencing data. Pseudo-alignment tools (e.g., Salmon or Kallisto) or automatic pipelines (zUMIs) could be used as well.

Requirements (tested version):

  • bcl2fastq (v2.20)
  • STAR (v2.7.3)
  • FeatureCounts (v1.6.5)
  • BBMAP (v38.86)
  • samtools (v1.9)
  • IGV

Sample demultiplexing

Sequencing results will be delivered as demultiplexed FASTQ or raw bcl2 files. To convert bcl2 files to FASTQ, bcl2fastq program (Illumina) can be used.
Command
# 0. Variables
BASECALL_DIR="/path/to/flowcell/Data/Intensities/BaseCalls/"
OUTPUT_DIR="/path/to/output_folder/"
SAMPLESHEET="/path/to/Demultiplexing_SampleSheet.csv"

Command
# 1. Bcl2fastq
ulimit -n 10000
cd /path/to/flowcell/
bcl2fastq --input-dir $BASECALL_DIR --output-dir $OUTPUT_DIR --sample-sheet $SAMPLESHEET --create-fastq-for-index-reads --no-lane-splitting
When sequencing on a NextSeq550 instrument, the sample sheet should contain the following information in a csv file:

image.png

Illumina Experiment Manager can be used to assist you in creating the sample sheet.

We recommend exploring the barcode combinations left in the undetermined reads looking to confirm that all the cells have been properly demultiplexed.


Command
zcat Undetermined_S0_I1_001.fastq.gz | awk -F' 1:N:0:' 'NR%4==1{print $2}' | sort | uniq -c > left_index.txt
sort -k1,1 left_index.txt
as well as the read distribution between samples:

Command
for file in ./out/*R1*
do
zcat $file | wc -l 
done

Index the genome

The reference genome needs to be indexed prior to any mapping. The FASTA and GTF references can be obtained from ENSEMBL, Gencode, UCSC, ...

Command
# 0. Variables
OUTPUTREF="/path/to/STAR_indexed_genome/"
FASTA="GRCh38.primary_assembly.genome.fa"
GTF="gencode.v34.primary_assembly.annotation.gtf"

Command
# 1. Genome indexing
# sjdbOverhang should be adapted based on the read length (read_length - 1)
mkdir $OUTPUTREF

Command
STAR --runThreadN 15 --runMode genomeGenerate --genomeDir $OUTPUTREF --genomeFastaFiles $FASTA --sjdbGTFfile $GTF --sjdbOverhang 74

FASTQ trimming (optional)

If you observe sequencing primer left-overs the FASTQ files can be trimmed using BBDUK or Trimmomatic.

Command
bbduk.sh -Xmx48g in=sample.fastq.gz out=cleaned.left.fastq t=32 ktrim=l ref=adapters.fa k=23 mink=7 hdist=1 hdist2=0 tbo
bbduk.sh -Xmx48g in=cleaned.left.fastq out=cleaned.fastq t=32 ktrim=r ref=adapters.fa k=23 mink=7 hdist=1 hdist2=0 tbo

Command
mv FASTQ/cleaned.fastq FASTQ/sample.R1.fastq.gz

Mapping

The FASTQ file can then be mapped onto the reference genome. Example for one sample, use a loop or parallelise this task to process all the cells:

Command
# 0. Variables
GENOME="/path/to/STAR_indexed_genome/"
FASTQ="/path/to/sample.R1.fastq.gz"
ID=”sample_id”

Command
# 1. Mapping
STAR --runThreadN 30 --limitBAMsortRAM 20000000000 --genomeLoad LoadAndKeep --genomeDir "$GENOME" --readFilesIn "$FASTQ" --readFilesCommand zcat --limitSjdbInsertNsj 2000000 --outFilterIntronMotifs RemoveNoncanonicalUnannotated --outSAMtype BAM SortedByCoordinate --outFileNamePrefix "$ID"_

Command
# 2. SAM to sorted BAM
# -F 260 filters out unmapped and secondary alignments
samtools view -@ 30 -Sb -F 260 "$ID"_Aligned.sortedByCoord.out.bam > "$ID"_Aligned.sortedByCoord.filtered.bam
samtools index "$ID"_Aligned.sortedByCoord.filtered.bam

Data visualization (optional)

Once the reads have been mapped we highly recommend using the Integrated Genome Viewer (IGV) to visualise the mapping results and ensure that the results make sense. As a quick check-up visualise a few housekeeping genes (i.e., ACTB, GAPDH, …) and cell specific markers to look for reads mapping to exon, intron, exon-intron junctions. Look for abnormalities such as read piles falling in intergenic or centromeric regions.
No single-cell RNA sequencing protocol is perfect and non-specific priming, genomic DNA contaminations, … can happen but should represent rare events.
Recurrent soft-clipping could also indicate the presence of sequencing adaptor left-overs that could affect the mapping rate.
Count matrix

Finally, t​he number of reads associated with each gene can be obtained as follows:

Command
featureCounts -T 1 -t exon -g gene_name --fracOverlap 0.25 -a "$GTF" -o "$ID"_ReadCount.featureCounts.gencode.txt "$ID"_Aligned.sortedByCoord.filtered.bam

Post-processing

The post-processing steps will vary depending on the question at hand. The online book “Orchestrating Single-Cell Analysis with Bioconductor” (https://bioconductor.org/books/release/OSCA/) is a gold mine of information that can be used to help you design your own pipeline. Alternatively, Seurat (R, https://satijalab.org/seurat/) or scanpy (python, https://scanpy.readthedocs.io/en/stable/) provide tools compatible with FLASH-seq data. Given their similarities, we currently recommend using Smart-seq2 guidelines when processing FLASH-seq data.
Citations
Step 5
Picelli S. Full-Length Single-Cell RNA Sequencing with Smart-seq2.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-9240-9_3