BREATHE INTERVENTION SCRIPT
BREATHE Intervention Script
everyone/anyone: Hello, I’m ________
next person: I’m _________
third person: I’m _________, and we’re here to talk to you about air pollution and its effects on
you.
Slide 2 – Chemistry of Air Pollution
So what exactly is air pollution? Would anyone like to give some possibilities? (pick a few answers) You’re all very close/correct/essentially correct – air pollution is composed of harmful chemicals and small particles. How this pollution is made is that vapors, gas, dust, and fumes (or VGDF) from many sources mix in the air. A combination of radiation, heat, and the oxygen in our atmosphere oxidize these different materials, creating gases like carbon monoxide and sulfur dioxide that are easy to inhale and harmful for your body.
Slide 3 – Air pollution is a local problem
Air pollution is a problem, even around us. The different colors make up the Air Quality Index that tells us how clean or polluted the air is. Areas that are green mean the air quality conditions pose little risk. As we gradually go from yellow to orange to red, the quality of the air becomes worse. As we can see in the maps, in California, sometimes the air quality is good, like in the picture on the
right, but sometimes it is fairly bad, like in the picture on the right. The variation in air quality can be dangerous for those with sensitive lungs, or people in general.
First let’s select our state - California. Now let’s select the counties we want to compare - let’s start with San Francisco County. What other county(ies) do you want to compare it to? - what counties do you live in? What counties do your friends and/or family live in?
Now that we have our counties selected, let’s click ‘Compare My Air.’
Now all of these counties have a similar number of days that are unhealthy from a general perspective, but what happens when we compare them based on days that are unhealthy for those with asthma or lung conditions? [click the link to do that] Now the differences in air quality are a lot clearer…but what does this mean for people who breathe in that air? [click ‘Learn more about the AQI… link] As we can see, pollutants can hurt people who have sensitive lungs from conditions
like asthma or emphysema (code orange), and those who do not have any lung problems (code red).)
Slide 4 – Air pollution is a global problem
But air pollution isn’t just concentrated in these cities, or just in California for that matter! Air pollution is a global problem. What do we mean by that, and how do we know? [play video]
(while video is playing…) In this video, we are looking at the circulation of different materials and compounds in the air. (point to each color as you describe it) Red and yellow is dust, green is organic and black carbon, white is sulfates, and blue is sea salt.
Take a few seconds to watch the video. As we can see from the moving colors, even if a
material, like dust, starts in one part of the globe (like china), it is quickly blown to other countries and even continents (follow red air eastward from China to the US)
Slide 5 – Exposure-related Lung Diseases (go through images)
And this air pollution can lead to (skip a beat) exposure-related lung diseases, which, like air pollution, are increasingly recognized as a growing global problem. The lung is constantly exposed to various environmental pollutants generated from a variety of sources, which interact with airways and alveoli and result in inflammation, injury, and disease.
Damage to the lungs can lead to serious problems with our body, causing coughing, asthma, chronic (long time) lung diseases, and even death. Also, pollution causes inflammation in your heart system as well, causing stroke and cardiovascular disease. And the World Health Organization estimates that pollution kills 7 MILLION people per year.
Slide 7 – What is air pollution doing to your body?
What is air pollution doing to your body? It contributes to obstructed lung diseases, such as asthma and emphysema, which is a condition in which the air sacs of the lungs are damaged, making it hard to breathe.
Slide 8 – Impact of Asthma in Your Body
Today we will talk a little bit about asthma. While a normal airway has plenty of space for air to pass through, and is nice and smooth, during an asthma attack, the airway becomes inflamed, which narrows the amount of space air has to pass through. In addition, sometimes the airway produces a thick and sticky mucus, which also makes it difficult for air to pass through. This means it is very hard to breath during an asthma attack.
Before we move on, let’s see how much you all remember. What is one symptom of asthma? Any ideas? [call on raised hands] Yes and? …Which causes…? Correct! Asthma can cause an inflamed airway, mucus in the airway, and ultimately difficulty breathing.
Slide 10 – How can we observe this?
How can we see and study these effects of air pollution on our body?
We use a special tool called (click) a bronchoscope. This is a tube, with a camera and light, which is inserted into your lungs and then used to view (click) the airways! So while we may not be able to see anything on the outside when someone is being harmed by air pollution, we can still see the impact on their lungs. And we can measure lung health without needing a bronchoscopy – we use a test called spirometry!
Slide 11 – What is air pollution doing to your body?
[perform animation]
This is an image of a healthy airway, which is not inflamed. [perform animation] On the other hand, this is an inflamed airway. As you can see, there is a lot less space for air to pass through the lungs because the alveoli are irritated. This makes breathing difficult because the oxygen has a harder time entering the blood.
Slide 12 – How is this impacting you personally?
We will now use straw(s) to demonstrate the effects of pollution on our airways. If anyone has asthma or other respiratory problems, please skip this activity and just watch and learn from your classmates or share your thoughts with them.
To start off, we’re all going to stand up. When we tell you to start, you’re going to hop up and down for 30 seconds. Everybody ready? Go!
For this next part of the activity, we will give you each a straw, and while we are handing out straws, please stand up. When we tell you to go, you'll start hopping up and down, while breathing in and out ONLY through the straw. We will do this for 30 seconds, then we’ll tell you to stop.
How did that feel? Was it easy? Hard? [wait for responses]
Raise your hand if you could breathe normally. Raise your hand if it was harder to breathe.
So it looks like most of you found breathing more difficult with the straw. This is what it feels like to have a restrictive lung disease, such as asthma or emphysema. The straw simulates the constriction in your airways – there is less room for air to get through when your airways are inflamed.
Now you may be thinking, “Why does this matter to me?”
Even if you do not have asthma, emphysema, or another lung disease, breathing in polluted air gradually harms your airways, which can lead to lung conditions, or even more harmful conditions. We can’t see it from the outside, but with continued exposure to this polluted air, a lot can happen on
the inside of our body.
Slide 14 – So what’s causing this pollution?
So what do you think is causing this air pollution? Do any volunteers want to share their
ideas [students raise hands, listen to answers]
Those are great answers! Factories are needed to make the iPhones, laptops and TVs that we use every day.
Everything we use needs to be produced. But making these items produces a lot of carbon monoxide and lead, which are bad for our health. Also, using a lot of electricity produces sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide, and cars burn fossil fuels that produce carbon monoxide. These harmful gases react together to pollute our air even more.
And anything we discard becomes waste, which pollutes the air
with particulate matter and harmful chemicals.
All this can seem a little overwhelming and kind of scary, but thankfully there are definitely ways you can help yourself and those around you! On the screen, you can see that there are many familiar items that we use every day. What do you think we should do for each item to reduce air pollution? [students raise hands, listen to answers]
Great ideas! You should definitely turn off lights and appliances, like the TV, computer, radio and fan when they are not in use. If possible, carpool, walk, or bike to get around your neighborhood. You could also lower heating and air condition use by setting the thermostat to 78 F during warm months and 68 F during cold months. This will reduce pollution that usually comes from cars.
The three R’s, reduce, reuse, and recycle, can also be used in everyday activities to reduce pollution.
For example, bring your own bags to the grocery store and continue re-using it every time you go shopping. Plastic bags can be used for trashcans at home, and paper bags can be recycled by using it for gift-wrapping. This reduces the amount of plastic and paper bags that we throw away.
Also, recycling isn’t just for cans and bottles – you can also recycle your old clothes and electronics,
so you don’t have to throw them away!
Now we’re going to split into groups of threes - turn to your neighbors, and see if you can come up with 2 more ideas for how you can reduce air pollution. Write them down and be ready to share with us.
Does anyone want to share what they came up with in their small group? [write up ideas on the board]
Slide 20 YOUR lung function
[show lung function graph from spirometry]
**Please find the associated slides attached as PDF below.
BREATHE Intervention Powerpoint.pdf3.8MB