The definition used for a satisfactory positive result from a real-time fluorogenic PCR should include each of the following:
A sigmoidal curve – the trace travels horizontally, curves upward, continues in an exponential rise and followed by a curve towards a horizontal plateau phase
A suitable level of fluorescence intensity as measured in comparison to a positive control (y-axis)
A defined threshold (CT) value which the fluorescent curve has clearly exceeded (Fig.1 arrow), which sits early in the log-linear phase and is <40 cycles
A flat or non-sigmoidal curve or a curve that crosses the threshold with a CT >40 cycles is considered a negative result.
NTCs should not produce a curve
Figure 1. Examples of satisfactory sigmoidal amplification curve shape when considering an assay’s fluorescent signal output. The crossing point or threshold cycle (CT) is indicated (yellow arrow); it is the value at which fluorescence levels surpass a predefined (usually set during validation, or arbitrary) threshold level as shown in this normalized linear scale depiction. LP-log-linear phase of signal generated during the exponential part of the PCR amplification; TP-a slowing of the amplification and accompanying fluorescence signal marks the transition phase; PP-the plateau phase is reached when there is little or no increase in fluorescent signal despite continued cycling.